Thanjavur, formerly known as Tanjore, lies in the fertile Cauvery river delta in the state of Tamil Nadu in southeast India. It is one of India’s agricultural “rice baskets” but is better known as the capital of Tamil civilization. Tamils have a distinct language and culture that was preserved by the powerful Chola empire. Its legacy is a number of impressive Dravidian temples covered in ornate sculpture. Three of these temples make up the Great Living Chola Temples, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Aside from temples, visitors to Thanjavur can explore the markets and antiques shops for wares produced by local craftspeople. The nearby Tiruchirappalli International Airport has direct flights from Mumbai and Chennai. To avoid hot summers and monsoon rains, visit Thanjavur between October and March.